DLT and digital assets in 2025

As this year’s survey shows, we’ve reached an evolutionary tipping point. While justifying spending based on cost reduction and efficiency gains still holds true today, in 2025 digital assets and DLT are viewed as revenue creators, wallet capturers, liquidity enablers, and financing powerhouses. Investment is now being unlocked for growth.

This section discusses 5 key findings:

1.

Liquidity is king. Digital islands are being replaced by ecosystems that meet market demand

2.

Changes in US policies have kicked off an era of new initiatives and spending as the US seeks DLT dominance

3.

The buy side is fully on board, with a stronger strategic outlook than investment banks

4.

Confidence is high. DLT and digital asset users have first-hand experience of the benefits and are doubling down, pouring more resources into broadening and deepening existing initiatives

5.

The market has stopped waiting on central bank digital currencies and is embracing a variety of cash alternatives to complete payments and facilitate financing

1. From overnight to intraday

Why DLT? The answer sits in Treasury

The buy side is now fully engaging: with a stronger strategic outlook than investment banks​

% of respondents experiencing a significant impact from DLT / digital assets

51% of respondents see intraday liquidity as the practical impact of tokenization and digital cash

Every business needs to effectively manage liquidity and capital. Shifting from overnight to intraday creates tremendous financial upsides.

Beyond the day-to-day functions and processing improvements, efficiently managing regulatory capital creates multiple benefits including reduced liquidity ratios (LCR) and net stable funding ratios (NSFR) under the Basel III framework and other regulations. This marks a stark change in the motivation and leadership behind DLT.

The new charge is being led by the repo and financing desks, but the mindset is all Treasury. The DLT business case has finally made the leap from Ops to Finance. While the ability to reduce expenses is a firm priority for firms, no one is implementing DLT programs purely to improve operating ratios. Instead, all eyes are firmly fixed on the 'P' in P&L.

The focus on cash and collateral utilization is also testament to this. More efficient, higher velocity collateralization reduces financing charges and the risk of over allocating and unnecessarily locking up assets. Beyond pure capital benefits, more mobile assets can be monetized or loaned without the operational drag we’ve endured for so long.

However, whilst balance sheet motivation proves compelling, operational costs are not out of sight as 48% of respondents are still looking to DLT to reduce transaction processing costs proving that operational efficiency still remains a core consideration of technology related development in our industry.

2. North America is now the most active region for DLT and digital assets What a difference a year makes.

Last year, nearly 80% of American digital asset activity was run offshore. Now – with a new pro-crypto US Administration, new legislative action in the GENIUS Act, and a unified framework for digital assets from the SEC – activity in North America has increased by 72%.

This remarkable turnaround can also be traced to the ever-growing success of tokenized funds, with BlackRock’s BUIDL going from launch to over $1Bn in a single calendar year and Circle’s acquisition of Hashnote which has integrated cash (USDC stablecoins) with collateral (USYC tokenized treasury and money market funds) going from strength to strength.

Now that the pent-up demand from the US market and providers finally has an outlet, we expect a sharp rise in activity in the coming year.

In contrast, momentum in Europe appears to be slowing dipping to 35%. Could this be just a moment in time? Our survey took place following the ECB trials and six digital bond issuances from the EIB in 23 months and before the ECB announced a commitment to settling DLT transactions using central bank money. Or could it reflect some re-shoring of US projects? Either way, European activity goes on our ‘watch list’ for the time being.

A region confident in its digital asset and DLT capabilities, Asia Pacific's solid pace post its sharp growth in 2023 reflects a steady stream of bond issuances and ongoing initiatives across its markets. These include fixed income and FX projects from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and ongoing issuances, tokenization, stablecoin development and continued CBDC exploration from the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA).

% of respondents “live” with DLT and digital assets per region​

3. The buy side is now fully engaging

In the era of tokenization

% of investors working on DLT / digital assets ​ (by stage)​

The importance of digital assets to fund managers has increased by 136% over the last year.

BUIDL’s success has spurred a buy-side gold rush of fund tokenization, while in contrast, interest from other market participants has held steady, in the case of custodian banks, or even abated most notably across private banks and wealth managers.

In 2024, we identified DLT as a vision for revenue growth for the buy side. Using DLT distribution channels, they were streamlining processes, disintermediating RIAs and wealth managers to reduce expense ratios, and enabling access to a growing pool of digital cash. Given the rapid growth in active development or live projects in 2025 (from 11% to 35%) across organizations large and small, this compelling narrative continues to play out.

It’s still an open question whether anyone but the largest funds can reach or grow their investor base and achieve a level of scale and return that satisfies their investment.

Launching a tokenized fund won’t automatically attract a sizable new investor pool and may not be more cost-efficient than an ETF. But for managers, that may not be a deterrent. They are playing the long game, looking to tap into digital wallets and future proof against a transfer of wealth from traditional to crypto.

On the other hand, investment and universal banks are looking at tokenized funds for other reasons. A tokenized money market fund that is fully backed by assets could allow large pension funds and other institutional investors to realize intraday returns on idle cash, with the flexibility to immediately access those assets and the security of 100% collateralization. As DLT becomes more embedded in how capital markets operate, that’s a likely next evolutionary step - we watch with interest how this develops over the coming year.

4. Digital assets are driving adoption

Banks, brokers and investors are all in on digital

Digital assets are driving adoption, growing by up to 2-4 times for some​

% of each segment “live” with Digital Assets (excl DLT) per year

Digital assets are driving adoption, growing by up to 2-4 times

Distinct from the technology, digital assets and crypto have become increasingly critical for banks and investors. For banks and brokers, digital assets create new revenue streams: from issuance and ECM to custody to trading - the 44% live with digital assets stand ready to reap the benefits.

Investors continue to embrace digital assets - 30% soaring from 11% in 2024. This growth is evidenced by new bitcoin fund products, tokenized funds, and the inclusion of crypto in wealth investing.

The investor numbers also reflect a trend we identified last year. Private banks and wealth managers are looking to leverage digital assets for private and physical assets and meet investor demand for more accessible, liquid markets.

On the flip side, the CSDs, exchanges and other market operators who have led the way, involved with DLT and digital assets much earlier than other sectors, have seemingly pulled back with 29% of market operator respondents 'live' with DLT in 2025 supporting this downward trajectory over the past three years. The reason for this? We predict this is more waiting for the industry participants to catch-up rather than holding back anticipating disintermediation. This will be a trend to pick-up in 2026 but our work at ISSA suggests that the FMIs will maintain their role at the heart of the digital ecosystem enabling growth for their participants and their clients.

5. Commercial, digital cash is growing

Clear alternatives to CBDC are emerging

The cash leg has been a persistent challenge to institutional DLT adoption - what form of digital cash to use? While CBDC is the preferred strategic form of cash for the majority at 42% the market is no longer waiting for CBDCs as the use of other forms of digital cash starts to take hold.

Strong evidence of using stablecoins for commercial cash is growing with the percentage of respondents using this form of cash in 2025 advancing 73% from 2023.

However, the most notable transformation over the past year in a non-CBDC context is the growth of tokenization. 21% are now using tokenized payment systems that connect to RTGS a 110% increase from 2024. But, it is tokenized money market funds that standout the most - up by 400% since 2024.

Tokenization delivers much-needed functionality, in a practical sense. But it also leaves a fundamental question unanswered: is fully digital cash needed or can traditional cash be used as efficiently, even if it needs to be on- and off-ramped?

This may represent another evolutionary point in time, where the markets are using what’s available to complete transactions today. It could also be a path of least resistance, leveraging existing control frameworks and tested connections to RTGS.

Either way, the real-time-ness of transactions remains limited by the use of off-chain components. Until a truly digital cash alternative is available, we cannot take that final leap to realize the true value of fully programmable transactions and smart contracts.

Non-CBDC Digital Cash Types in 2023, 2024, 2025

(% of Respondents using each form in projects)

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